Tuesday, February 26, 2008

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stress-strain diagram ENGINEERING





The engineering stress-strain diagram is a useful tool to determine many mechanical properties of materials. This diagram is obtained by subjecting a material to a uniaxial tension test. The test material must be submitted in a configuration appropriate to the specimen called uniaxial tension test tube. The following is a typical plot of toad-strain for a linear elastic material has a plastic EHAVIOR c after elastic, related to the ductility of the material.










Del engineering stress-strain diagram can be obtain the following material properties: modulus of elasticity or Young (E), yield stress (s And ), the tensile strength or ultimate stress (s U), the maximum deformation ( and max), resilience (area under the curve of the elastic region), toughness (area under the curve of the total diagram) etc.





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Sunday, February 24, 2008

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Solid Mechanics Solid Mechanics Task 4 Task 3

Task

normal strain topic:

Exercise 2.1

A polyethylene bar 12 "long and 0.5 inch diameter is subjected to a 800 lb tension. If E = 0.45x10 6 psi , find: a) the elongation of the bar, b) the normal stress.

Exercise 2.2

A steel wire of 60 m should not be stretched more than 48 mm when the tension on the wire is 6 kN. If E = 200 GPa, find: a) the minimum diameter that can be chosen for the wire, b) the corresponding value of normal stress

Exercise 2.3

A steel wire, E = 200 GPa, with a length of 80 m and 5 mm in diameter, has a last effort stress of 400 MPa. If you want a safety factor of 3.2, what is: a) the largest allowable stress in the wire, b) elongation for the same?

Exercise 2.4

A nylon thread is subjected to 2 lb of tension. If E = 0.5x10 6 psi and the maximum allowable normal stress is 6 ksi, determine: a) the required diameter of wire, b) the percentage increase in the length of the thread.

Exercise 2.5

A control rod made of brass should be extended 1 / 8 inch with a load of 900 lbs. If E = 15x10 6 psi and the maximum allowable normal stress is 60 ksi, find: a) the may have a smaller diameter than the bar, b) the length required for the bar.

Exercise 2.6

An aluminum wire 4 mm in diameter, extends 25 mm when the tension is 400 N. Knowing that E = 70 GPa and ultimate strength is 110 MPa stress, find: a) the length of wire, b) the safety factor.

Exercise 2.7

An aluminum bar 1.5 m in length should be extended no more than 1 mm and the normal stress from 40 MPa when the bar is subjected to an axial force of 3 kN. If E = 70 GPa, find the required diameter of the bar.

Exercise 2.8

must submit a nylon thread at a voltage of 2.5 lbs. Knowing that E = 0.5x10 6 psi, the maximum normal stress is 6 ksi and the wire length should not increase more than 1%, find the diameter.



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Factor Security issue:





Exercises 1.49 & 1.52



AC connector is steel with a normal stress of 60 ksi last and has a uniform section ¼ x ½ inch. Is connected to a support A and BCD element in C through pins 3 / 8 inch. While BCD element is connected to B by a pin 5 / 16 inch. All pins are steel with an ultimate shear stress of 25 ksi and are subject to simple shear. If you want a safety factor of 3.25, find a) the maximum load P that can be applied D . Note that the AC plug is not reinforced around the holes for the pins. The structure is shown in the figure below:








b) Now solve the above problem assuming that the structure has been redesigned to use pins 5 / 16 "in A , B C and no other changes.





Exercises 1.50, 1.51 & 1.53


The steel structure, shown in the following figure, a 6mm diameter pin is used in C and pins in both 10mm B as D :









The ultimate shear is of 150 MPa in all the connections and the normal stress on the connector last BD is 400 MPa. If you want a safety factor of 3, Halle a) the greatest strength P that can be applied in A (note that the connector BD is not reinforced around the holes for the pins). b) Now solve this problem by assuming that the structure has been redesigned to use 12mm pins B and D . No other change has been made. c) Now solve this problem by assuming that the diameters were changed at the pins on B and D to 11.5mm and that no change has been made.




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Solid Mechanics Task 2 Solid Mechanics

Task Forces in inclines:



Exercises 1.35 & 1.38


Two elements of wood, uniform section 80 x 120 mm, are attached with glue board as shown in the figure below:






If P = 800lb, find a) the effort normal and b) the shear stress at the junction with glue. Knowing that the maximum allowable shear for the union of these 2 sticks of 600 kPa, find c) the maximum force P that can be applied and d) the corresponding normal stress.





Exercises 1.36 & 1.37


Two elements of wood, with uniform section of 3 x 5 inches, are united board with glue as shown in the figure below:






If P = 800lb, find a) the normal stress and b) the shear stress at the junction with glue. Knowing that the maximum allowable stress voltage to the junction of the 2 bars is 60 psi, find c) most that can be applied load P d) the corresponding esfuerzocortante.



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Sunday, February 17, 2008

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Numbering System (Arithmetic)

order to learn to use mathematics, the first thing to know is the language or language which "express" this math. This language is the numbers. Just as there are many different nations, and each takes a different language, likewise there are several different numbering systems.



We can distinguish two types of numbering systems: ancient and modern.



old systems were developed in every ancient civilization and its purpose was only to count and keep track of numbers, perform operations on these numbers was a chore reserved almost exclusively for the Wise kingdom. The main feature of these older systems is that they are additive. The numbers were written by placing a symbol for each object or group of objects. This made the writing of numbers was very complex. An example is the Roman numeral system in which to write the number 33 would have to write "3 tens" and "3 units" as follows: XXXIII.



modern numbering systems are based on a unique property of the former special Decimal Numbering System Indoarábigo. This property is that the numbers take on different values \u200b\u200bdepending on the position to be written by one. Because this is called systems positional numbering.



There are many positional numbering systems, each with its special application. For example, the binary system is used in communication between computers and electronics, the Hex system is used for coding 16-bit processors, but the most widely used around the world is Indoarábigo Decimal Numbering System.



Decimal Numbering System Indoarábigo is that we use daily and is called Indoarábigo it became known around the world via the Arabs and it was believed that they developed. However, has found evidence that originated in India.



is a decimal system because its base is the number 10, also is a positional system, as the value of different digits written on a number or figure depends on the position in this figure: thus, in the No. 23, the digit 3 is worth three, but the digit 2 is worth twenty.



This system includes a methodology for naming all the known numbers, either whole or fractions.



To see an animated explanation and some exercises Numbering System files download the following slides:



Indoarábigo Decimal Numbering System. To download click here .


Reading and Writing Decimal Numbers. To download click here .


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Saturday, February 16, 2008

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Task 1 Solid Mechanics

Task 1 Mechanics of Materials: Exercise 1.15 (the book Beer & Russell 2 nd Ed)









Each of the links AB and CDs have a uniform rectangular ¼
by 1 inch. Knowing that the average normal stress at any link should not exceed 25 ksi, find the maximum load that can be applied E , if the load is directed ( to ) vertically downwards, (b ) vertically upwards .



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